渭河流域水问题、成因及其对策研究

Causes of formation of water problems in Weihe River Basin and countermeasures

20世纪90年代以来渭河流域出现水量大幅度减少、污染状况严重和下游淤积严重、洪水频发等问题。从来水、降水、用水和产水条件方面分析并指出渭河流域流量锐减原因主要是由于人类的开发利用造成的,降水和产水条件的变化也对水量减少起到一定影响,污染和下游淤积原因主要是由于人类的无序排污和水利工程设施不合理的运行。要解决这些问题,必须进行分区、分段的综合治理,调整产业结构,切实提高有限水资源的利用率;加快污水处理基础设施的建设,逐步改善污染状况;努力降低潼关高程,减轻下游的淤积现状;进行省内调水,有效解决下游缺水、淤积和洪水问题;在全流域推行节水型社会的建立,实现水资源和生态环境的可持续发展。

Great decrease of water quantity, serious pollution of water quality, serious sedimentation in the lower reaches, and frequent flood have taken place in Weihe River Basin since the 1990s. Through analyses of incoming water, precipitation, water utilization, and runoff generation condition, it is concluded that human utilization of water resources is the main cause for decrease of runoff in the 1990s, and changes in precipitation and runoff generation condition also have some influences on it. Pollution and sedimentation result from random discharge of sewage and unreasonable operation of hydraulic engineering respectively. To solve the problems existing in Weihe River Basin, comprehensive control of different zones and segments and adjustment of industrial structure must be conducted for the improvement of the utilization rate of water resources, and the construction of sewage treatment infrastructure should be hastened to improve water environment condition gradually. Besides, the decrease of elevation in Tongguan to alleviate sedimentation of lower reaches, the practice of water transfer projects in Shaanxi Province to settle the problems of water shortage, sedimentation and flood in lower reaches, and the establishment of a water-saving society are all necessary for the sustainable development of water resources and eco-environment.