从小说创作看美国性伦理与政治意识间互动的演变

The Interactions between Sexual Ethics and Political Ideologies as Seen from Novel Writings

柏拉图把诗人赶出理想国,孔子将教化加之于文学;秦始皇焚书坑儒,《金瓶梅》几度遭禁;清朝文字狱大开杀戒,令人噤若寒蝉;《嘉莉妹妹》虽问世于20世纪,因“露骨的性描写”而被禁。这些都足以说明文学与社会政治紧密的相联与互生互动。通过对19世纪中叶至20世纪中叶100年跨度间美国几部小说的评述,探讨美国文学中演变的性伦理,旨在阐明性伦理价值观处于变化之中,文学与政治意识始终处于互动状态。

Plato condemned poetry and drove away poets from the kalipolis as anideal city-state, Confucius held poetry in esteem with a strong moralization consciousness; Emperor Qin Shihuang ordered the books of all schools to be burned except those of the Qin Dynasty＇s history and culture, divination and medicines; Jin Pingmei, considered to be erotic, became a forbidden book; In the Qing Dynasty, a strict censorship was imposed on any publications and therefore made the public silent; Sister Carrie, though published in the 20th century, was forbidden for its eroticism. All these examples exemplify the close relationships and the interactions between literature and society as well as political consciousness. The present paper, a study of three novels written in a span of one hundred years in American literary history, intends to explore the transformations in sexual ethics as illustrated in American literature, and to verify the fact that literature and all sorts of political consciousness are in constant interactions.