溶剂热制备氧化锌纳米线

Solvothermal Synthesis of ZnO Nanowires

碳纳米管的发现引起了人们对制备其它一维纳米材料的极大兴趣。由于一维纳米结构氧化物具有独特的光学、电学、敏感、催化和电化学性能。各种氧化物纳米线的制备和性能研究已成为当今准一维材料研究的热点。氧化锌是一种具有较大禁带宽度（3．2eV）的氧化物半导体．特别是具有较大长径比的氧化锌纳米线所表现出的奇特电学和光学性能．使其在低压和短波长光电子器件方面具有潜在的应用价值．如发光二极管和二极管激光器、透明导电材料、气敏传感器和荧光器件等。而氧化锌纳米线所具备的如此广阔的应用前景．使其制备方法和性能研究受到了广泛的关注和重视。目前报道的氧化锌纳米线的制备方法主要有：催化生长法。化学气相沉积法，物理气相沉积法，自组装法,模板法，低温CVD法，MOCVD法等。总的来说，上述方法所用仪器昂贵、合成条件苛刻，结果较难重复或产量极少。而用模板法制备的产品去模板后形貌难以保持完整。

ZnO nanowires were synthesized mildly through an absolute alcohol solvothermal process at 120 ℃ for 12 h using ZnAc2·2H2O and NaOH as raw materials and PEG400 as a soft template. The cyrstal structure and morphology of the nanowires were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM and HRTEM. The results indicate that the diameter of ZnO nanowires is 40 nm, the length can reach 2 μm and the nanowires are of high purity, homogeneity and well crystallinty. The influence of the various factors on the formation of ZnO nanowires and formation mechanism were also discussed.