云南省小黑山自然保护区兰科植物多样性及保护评价

Orchid Diversity and Conservation in Xiaoheishan Nature Reserve,Yunnan Province

云南省小黑山自然保护区孕育了丰富的兰科植物。据调查,保护区有兰科植物43属、134种,约占云南省135属、780种的31.9%和17.2%,是保护区种子植物种类最多的科。兰科植物在保护区的各个生态类型中均有出现。保护区134种兰科植物以附生兰占优势,占67.16%(90种);其次,地生兰占31.34%(42种),腐生兰为1.50%(2种)。保护区兰科植物起源于新、旧世界的热带和温带,热带属占70.0%(28),温带属占27.5%(11)。鉴于兰科植物重要的保护价值,应加强保护区兰科植物的保护。首先应加强保护区的建设和管理,还应加强社区经济发展,加强科学研究,实施社区共管以及加大保护宣传力度。

Orchid plants are of richness in Xiaoheishan Nature Reserve. An investigation shows that there are 134 orchid species belonging to 43 genera in the reserve, accounting for 31.9% of the total genera and 17.2% of the species respectively in Yunnan Province. The orchid plant is the largest family of seed plants in this area. The orchid plants are almostly found in all kinds of vegetation community. Among them epiphytic are dominant, with 90 species （67.16%）, and then 42（31.34% ） are terrestrial, and 2 （ 1.50% ） are saprophytic. The orchid plants flora originate from tropical and temperate zone of new- and-old world, Twenty-eight of the orchid genera （70.0%） are primarily tropical while 11 （27.5%） are primarily temperate. In view of the endangerment situation of Xiaobeishan orchid plants and their economic, scientific and cultural values, great attention should be paid on their conservation. Its construction and management, its community economy, scientific research, implement co-manage-ment, and propaganda of protecting orchid plants should be reinforced.