角膜移植免疫耐受的研究进展

Advancement of corneal transplantation immune tolerance

排斥反应是角膜移植失败的主要原因。临床治疗中常用的非特异性免疫抑制剂,如糖皮质激素、环孢素A等,存在着许多全身副作用。因此诱导受体建立针对供体角膜的特异性免疫耐受是治疗排斥反应的理想方法。免疫耐受的机制主要包括T细胞克隆失活(anergy)、克隆清除(delete)、细胞因子介导的抑制及免疫平衡等。现就目前人工诱导免疫耐受的方法作一综述。

Corneal transplantation is one of the most successful forms of organ transplantation in humans. However, immunologic rejection continues to be a common cause of graft： failure. To obtain the long term survival of corneal grafts, especially in high risk recipients, systemic immunosuppression such as cyclosporine A and dexamethasone are usually used in clinic. But these drugs have many undesirable side effects. So, it is neoessary to search novel immunosuppression to induce antigen-specific tolerance. The immune tolerance mechanism indudes the induction of specific T cell anergy, delete or immunoregulation.