干旱荒漠区不同覆盖对酿酒葡萄园土壤的综合效应研究

Effects of Mulching on Grapery Soil in Arid Desert Area

针对甘肃河西地区大面积栽培酿酒葡萄而水资源短缺的现状，试验研究了地面覆膜、覆麦秸、覆麦壳等节水措施对干旱荒漠地区酿酒葡萄团土壤水分、温度和肥力等因子的效应，结果表明，几种节水措施均有明显增温效应，提高土壤含水最。覆草效果优于覆膜。覆麦秸和麦壳表现前期降温，后期增温保温的双重效应，并增加了土壤有机质及速效N、P、K含量，其中土壤有机质含量增加17．36％～18．51％，全氮增加7．35％～8．82％，速效磷增加8．51％～9．96％，速效钾增加47．5％～53．9％，土壤容重降低0．19g cm^-3～0．20g cm^-3，可溶性固形物吉量提高0．5％～1．7％，产量提高3722．5～4162．5kg hm^-2。

The sandy soil in Hexi Corridor in the west of Gansu province is very suitable for wine grape. The area is characterized as arid desert, where water resource is short, and limits the production of wine grape. To solve this problem, the effects of different water saving measures on soil water content, temperature and fertility were studied. The measures include mulching with plastic film, wheat straw and wheat shell in grapery. The results show that the soil water content and the temperature in root soil increased in the growing season. The effect of covering grapery ground with straw was higher than that with plastic film. The contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and potassium also increased by 17.36 - 18.51%, 7.35 - 8.82%, 8.51 - 9.96% and 47.5 - 53.9% respectively. The bulk density was declined as much as 0. 19 to 0. 20g cm^-3. The yield and quality of wine grape were enhanced significantly.