北京市外来儿童免疫预防特征分析

The Immunization Characters of Migrant Children in Beijing

目的了解北京市外来儿童免疫预防特征,制定适宜的免疫接种策略。方法根据北京市2000-2004年强化查漏补种活动数据,对在京外来儿童预防接种特征进行分析。结果2000-2004年强化查漏补种活动调查外来儿童数保持在16万水平,部分远郊区县外来儿童数逐年上升,各年份建卡率为64.5%-80.6%,建证率为68.7%-81.7%;平均建卡、建证率随年龄增加呈下降趋势。外来儿童聚居地和散居地“四苗”全程合格率分别为54.4%和87.6%;各年份口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗(OPV)平均零剂次率和平均漏种率分别为16.8%和24.1%,上述两项指标随年龄的增长而上升。OPV零剂次儿童中服苗后无记录者构成比随着年龄的增加逐渐升高。结论随着外来儿童强化查漏补种活动的推进,在京外来儿童总量趋于稳定,在京分布出现由近郊区向临近远郊区县推移的特点,各年份建卡率、建证率呈波动上升趋势,聚居地区外来儿童接种质量低于散居地,大年龄组儿童免疫接种管理力度下降,极易出现免疫接种空白。

Objective To map out immunivation characters of migrant childish in Beijing and to establish appropriste vaceination strategies. Methods The vaccination characters of migrant chidren on the basis of 2000- 2004 NIDS data was analyzed. Results The number of migrant children maintained at 160 thousand according to enhanced NIDS survey. In outer county districts the number of observed children increased annually.Tho vaccination card holder rate and vaccination certificate holder rate were 64.5% - 80.6% and 68.7 % - 81.7% respectively.The whole course vaccinating of feet vaccines in cluster- living area was lower than in sca- ttering living. The average of both rates decreased as children grew older. The zero dosage rate was 16.8% and drop- out rate 24.1%. Both rates positively linked with age, peaking at the age group of 7 year- old children.83.7 % of children in zero dosage group had ＂no record after inoculation＂ .The percentage of no- record holders climbed as age rose. Conclusion The number of migrant children appeared to stabilize as NIDS continued. Card and certificate rates increased with fluctuations. The quality of vaccination in cluster- living area was lower than in scattering living.More floating population gradually moved to outer counties districts from inner suburbs .It was more difficult to manage NIDS in older children, which might cause more drop- outs in the future.