中日朝鲜通讯权之争与清朝外交政策的转变

The dispute between China and Japan over the right of communication in Korea and the switch of foreign policy of the Qing government

中国和朝鲜之间传统的宗属关系,从19世纪70年代开始,受到日本等国愈来愈严重的挑战,清朝传统的宗属模式的外交政策也随之产生了转变。在中日争夺朝鲜通讯权这一外交交涉问题上,清政府的外交政策就表现得相当灵活,既充分利用了中朝之间传统的宗属关系,又吸收了近代外交的条约形式,从而挫败了日本的挑战,实现了对朝鲜通讯权的控制,并成功维护了与朝鲜的宗属关系。而这种宗属关系又是以新的形式和内容出现的,即传统宗属体制与近代条约体制相结合的新东亚宗属关系,体现了清末“传统外交”与“近代条约外交”并用的二重外交方式,这是清朝外交政策转变的重要趋势。

Sinee the 1870s, the traditional relationship between China and Korea had faced severe challenge. Western countries and Japan did not accept this traditional relationship. The Qing government was driven into a situation in which its foreign policy must switch. In the diplomatic negotiations between China and Japan over a telegraphic communication line in Korea, the Qing government, by making full use of modern forms of treaty diplomacy as well as the traditional suzerain-dependency relations in overcoming the Japanese challenge, maintained the control over communication in Korea and the suzerain-dependency relations which emerged in a new form and content, that is, a combination of traditional suzerain- dependency relations and those of modern treaty diplomacy. That dualism was the tendency in the Qing dynasty＇s switch in foreign policy.