现代工业社会的劳动——围绕马克思劳动概念的考察

Labour in Modern Industrial Society

在发达工业社会中,工作形式正在发生快速的变更。按照哈特和奈格里的观点,从事物质生产的工业劳动已经被新的后工业形式的劳动所取代,这些已经不能通过马克思所阐述的以工业模式为基础的劳动理论来理解,我们需要崭新的关于“非物质的劳动”和“生态政治的生产”之概念。然而,哈特和奈格里对马克思劳动概念的批评是错误的,他们关于后工业社会劳动理论的阐述是混乱且无用的。适当地理解并且恰当地发展马克思的理论将会继续提供一种在现代世界中了解劳动本质的更为恰当的基础。

Work in advanced industrial society is changing rapidly. According to Hardt and Negfi, industrial labour that produces material goods is being superseded by new pest-industrial forms of work. These cannot be comprehended by Marx＇s account of labour which is based on an industrial model. New concepts of ＂ immaterial＂ labour and ＂ biopolitical＂ production are needed. This paper criticizes these arguments from a Marxist perspective. Marx＇s account of labour is explained, and Hardt and Negri＇s criticisms of it are shown to be mistaken. Their account of post-industrial labour, it is argued, is confusing and unhelpful. Properly understood and suitably developed, Marx＇s theory continues to provide a more satisfactory basis for understanding the nature of work in the modem world.