兔实验性急性重症减压病时血细胞的变化

Changes of Blood Cells in Rabbits Induced by Experimental Severe Decompression Sickness

目的观察实验性急性重症减压病过程中兔血液细胞计数的变化,比较存活组与死亡组动物各项指标的异同,分析重症减压病的致死机制。方法取14只新西兰白兔,使其在0.55 MPa下停留35 min,然后再继续加压,升至0.7 MPa时停留35 min,于4 min内匀速减压出舱。检测加压前、高压停留中、减压后兔血液白细胞(WBC)总数、中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞及血小板(PLT)计数。比较存活动物与死亡动物上述各指标变化的特点。结果经历匀速快速减压后,有8只兔在30 min内死亡,存活的6只兔经观察24 h后未遗留任何减压病症状。兔WBC总数加压前为(9.76±2.23)×109/L,0.55 MPa下停留30 min后,降至(8.15±2.20)×109/L,而减压后,则增加至(13.14±4.75)×109/L。PLT数于0.55 MPa下停留30 min后较加压前无明显变化,减压后,由加压前的(584.36±142.34)×109/L降至(380.43±162.42)×109/L。加压前,死亡组动物血液WBC总数为(11.13±2.37)×109/L,明显高于存活组动物(8.87±2.11)×109/L,且以中性粒细胞为主。减压后死亡组动物PLT减少了(273±63)×109/L,存活组的动物PLT减少了(148±63)×109/L,两组间比较,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论高压下停留可造成兔血液中白细胞数下降,而快速匀速减压则引起WBC升高和PLT下降。死亡组动物加压前WBC总数及减压过程PLT减少量均大于存活组动物。提示,白细胞和血小板参与重症减压病致死机制。

Objective To observe the changes of blood cell counts of rabbits during experimental severe decompression sickness（DCS） and to compare each parameter between survival group and dead group in order to analyze the mechanism of severe DCS. Methods 14 rabbits were put into the chamber. They stayed for 35 mins under 0.55 MPa, and another 35 mins under 0.7 MPa, then decompressed to 0.1 MPa in 4 minutes. Samples were collected before the compression, under high pressure and after decompression for testing counts of white blood cell （WBC）, neutrophilic leukocyte, lymphocyte and platelet （PLT）. The changes of above parameters of survival rabbits were compared with those of the dead. Results After rapid decompression, there were 8 rabbits died within 30 minutes, while the other 6 rabbits survived without any symptom of decompression sickness after 24 hours observation. The WBC total count decreased from （ 9.76 ± 2.23） ×10^9/L to （8.15±2.20） ×10^9/L after 30 min stay under 0.55 MPa, then increased to （13.14±4.75） ×10^9/L after rapid decompression. The PLT count experienced no change during the stay under high pressure, while it decreased to （380.43±162.42） ×10^9/L from （584.36±142.34） ×10^9/L after rapid decompression. Before the compression, the total count of WBC of dead rabbits was （11.13±2.37） ×10^9/L, which was higher than that of survival rabbits, （8.87±2.11） ×10^9/L. After decompression, the decrease of PLT of dead group, （273±63） ×10^9/L, was more than that of survival group. Conclusions Stay under high pressure could cause the decrease of blood lymphocyte of rabbits. Meanwhile, rapid decompression could cause the increase of WBC and the decrease of PLT. WBC total count before compression and the consumption of PLT of dead rabbits were more than that of survival rabbits. It suggested that WBC and PLT might participate the mechanism of severe DCS.