福建省戊型肝炎病毒感染的血清流行病学调查

A sero-epidemiology study on hepatitis E virus infection in Fujian province

目的了解福建省动物种群及人群中戊型肝炎病毒（HEV）的感染情况。方法收集猪、犬、乳牛、山羊和啮齿动物（黄胸鼠及褐家鼠）等5种与人类关系密切的哺乳动物血清标本共1151份，收集普通人群血清标本2209份，暴露人群血清标本1722份，应用ELISA检测抗-HEV IgG抗体。结果不同动物HEV感染率有差异（X^2=406．25，P〈0．01），其中猪的感染率为71．31％，散养家猪（70．00％～94．12％）HEV感染率高于大型专业养猪场（39．77％），不同生长期（≥4月龄）的猪其HEV感染率未见不同。普通人群HEV的阳性率为23．3％，暴露人群HEV阳性率为33．3％；暴露人群阳性率显著高于普通人群。在暴露人群中与鸡密切接触者，HEV的阳性率显著高于与猪密切接触者。HEV阳性率有随年龄的增长而上升的趋势，在普通人群中，男、女性HEV阳性率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；但在暴露人群中男性HEV阳性率显著高于女性。结论猪和暴露人群HEV的感染率较高；与猪、鸡密切接触者HEV阳性率高于普通人群，证明了HEV可能是一种人兽共患病。

Objective To understand the sero-prevalence of hepatitis E virus （HEV） infection among different populations and animals in Fujian province. Methods One thousand one hundred and fifty one serum samples were collected from 5 species of animals including swine, dog,cow,sheep and rat. A total of 2209 and 1722 serum samples from the general population and from the exposed population were collected. Anti-HEV IgG was detected by ELISA. The general population was composed of healthy blood donors and the individuals who had attended physical examination including farmers, handlers, veterinarians, cooks who worked with pigs or chickens while the poultry wholesale suppliers made up the exposure population. Results The infection rates of HEV in animals were different between species（X^2 = 406.25, P〈0.01） with the highest seen in the pig group. With pigs being kept at home, the rates were between 70.00% and 94.12% but the rate was 39.77% for those families that keeping the pigs at farms. The infection rate of HEV was 23.3% in the general population and 33.3% in the exposed populations, respectively. A significantly higher infection rate for anti-HEV was found in the exposed population when comparing with general population. The positive rate of anti-HEV IgG was significantly higher in the exposed population that closely having had contact with chickens than those who had contact with pigs. The increasing trend of HEV infection rate with age had been found but there was no significant difference between males and females in the general population. In the exposed population, the infection rate in males was significantly higher than that in females. Conclusion The infection ratse of HEV in pigs and in the exposure population were much higher, especially for those persons in close contact with chickens or pigs, suggesting that the sub-clinical infection for HEV might exist. These data further supported the hypothesis that HEV might have been an zoonotic disease.