北京地区1858名老年人下蹲与膝关节骨关节炎患病率的回顾性调查

Retrospective study of squatting with prevalence of knee osteoarthritis

目的研究北京地区老年人下蹲与膝关节骨关节炎（OA）患病率之间的关系。方法随机抽取北京地区年龄≥60岁的老年人，回答有关关节症状的调查问卷，行双侧膝关节X线照相（前后位和冠状位），并回忆其年轻时（25岁±）平均每天的下蹲时间。结果40％的男性和68％的女性年轻时平均每天的下蹲时间≥1h。随着每天下蹲时间的延长，胫股骨关节OA的患病率增加。与年轻下蹲时间〈30min比较，男性中不同的下蹲时间胫股骨关节OA的OR值分别为：1．1（30—59min/d）、1．0（60-119min／d）、1．7（120～179min／d）、2．0（≥180min／d）（P=0．074），女性的OR值相应为1．4、1．3、1．2、2．4（P=0．077）。髌股骨关节OA与下蹲的相关性弱于胫股骨关节OA与下蹲的关系。结论下蹲时间的延长可能是北京地区老年人胫股骨关节OA发生的高危险因素之一。

Objective To investigate the assosiation between squatting and the prevalence of knee osteoarthritis（OA） among elders in Beijing, Methods We recruited a random sample of Beijing residents age ≥ 60 years. Subjects answered questions on joint symptoms, and knee radiographs were obtained. Subjects were also asked to recall the average amount of time spent on squatting each day at youth（25 years or so）. Results Among the studied subjects,40 % of the men and 68 % of the women reported squatting ≥ hour per day at youth. The prevalence of tibiofemoral OA increased in both men and women. Compared with subjects who squatted 〈 30 minutes per day at youth, the multivariable-adjusted prevalence odds ratios of tibiofemoral OA were： 1.1 30-59 minutes/day for those spent on squatting, 1.0 for 60-119 minutes/day, 1.7 for 120-179 minutes/day,and 2.0 for 180 minutes/day among the men（ P for trend = 0. 074）, while the respective odda ratios among women were 1.4,1.3,1.2 and 2.4 （ P for trend = 0. 077） but a weaker association with patellofemoral OA was found. Conclusion Prolonged squatting was a strong risk factor for tibiofemoral knee OA among elderly in Beijing.