清末民初的社会变迁与长江下游青帮之演变

Social changes in the late Qing Dynasty and the early years of the Republic of China and the evolution of the secret society in the low reaches of the Changjiang River

清末民初是长江下游青帮快速发展的时期。其原因一方面是长江下游传统的小农经济进一步瓦解,由此引发的社会动荡更进一步加剧了本已复杂的社会矛盾;另一方面是由于伴随着长江下游社会的动荡,清政府对基层社会控制日趋弱化。长江下游的青帮不同于红帮,它的反清活动没有明确的政治目标,更多的是为了自身的生存和发展,带有很大的盲目性和破坏性。民元之后,在新的生存环境中,其下层为适应城市生活环境逐步演变成近代的黑社会组织。

The period from the late Qing Dynasty to the early years of the Republic of China was the fast developing period of the secret society in the low reaches of the Changjiang River. The reasons for this situation were, on the one hand, the traditional agricultural economy of the low reaches of the Changjiang River was disintegrated further,the turbulence triggered from which sharpened the social contradictions which had already been complicated;on the other hand,accompanied by the social turbulence in the low reaches of the Changjiang River,the Qing government weakened its control of the society on basic level. The fact that Qingbang of the low reaches of the Changjiang River was different from Hongbang lay in that its anti - government activity did not have clear political goal and what it did was mainly for its own existence and development, so its activity had very great blindness and destructiveness. After entering the Republic of China, in order to adapt to new environment for survival, its section on the basic level evolved into the modern criminal syndicate in order to adapt to urban living environment.