《论语·八佾》“哀公问社于宰我”辩析

The Differentiation and Analysis of Aigongwensheyuzaiwo in Analects of Confucius

对于《论语·八佾》“哀公问社于宰我”的记载,古来存有“问主”、“问社”之辩。本文主要在疏理传世文献的基础上,指出“问社”应作“问主”,这里的“主”是社主而非庙主;鲁哀公问宰我三代社主时,宰我答以“夏后氏以松,殷人以柏,周人以栗。曰:使民战栗。”细究这段文句的历史背景,可知并不是鲁哀公不知礼、不知社主为何物而发问,鲁哀公通过“问主”,寓含着借用“社主阴,阴主杀”而欲去三桓的深刻政治用意。

For the rccordation of Aigongwensbeyuzaiwo in Analects of Confucius, all the while, scholars disputed for wenshe or wenzhu. By textual analysis, the author point that wenshe shoud be wenzhu, in this place, zhu should be shezhu or not miaozhu.when Lu al-gong ask zaiwo what is shezhu,zaiwo answer that song-bai-li are used in three dynasties. Combined historical context, the paper think that Lu Ai-gong should understand decorum about shezhu,his true purpose is to resolve political hidden trouble of Sanhuan by wenshe.