《九歌》作者新考——兼《九歌》非屈原作品补证

The Newly Research of Jiuge’s Author

与楚墓神系和刘邦所命祀神系比较,《九歌》所祭的十位神灵中,与屈原之实际情况不符的至少有五位,这说明《九歌》这一体系性祭歌并不是屈原的作品。《九歌》与《淮南子》有多处语句相近,从这些相近语句看,《淮南子》影响了《九歌》的创作,《九歌》自然作于《淮南子》之后。在《淮南子》问世和刘向整理《楚辞》之间的这一历史时期内,能作《九歌》者只有刘安。刘安的特殊身份,可以解释《九歌》之系列祭歌的复杂性。《九歌》中的谄谀之“妖言”,说明刘安的门客也参与了《九歌》创作。

Compared with two divinity systems made in the state of Chu and Han dynasty, among the 10 enshrined gods in Jiuge, there exist five gods who are quite different from the descriptions of the time of Qu Yuan. This proves that Jiuge was not composed by Qu Yuan. Numerous similar expressions can be found in Huaihanzi and Jiuge, which demonstrates that Huaihanzi appeared earlier and influenced the creation of Jiuge. During the historical time of the birth of Huaihanzi and the compilation of Chuci by Liu An, it was only Liu who was able to compose Jiuge. Liu＇s special status can account for the complexity of a serieS of prayer songs in it. Besides, the flattering words in Jiuge can prove as well that Liu＇s hangers-on participated in the composition.