论利益权衡下的行政执行与民事执行衔接

On the Joining of Administrative and Civil Executions under Interests Balancing

行政执行与民事执行,在现行制度和实践中常有冲突。对于二者关系的厘清与处理,我国现行法中缺乏一般而系统的规定,只有个别条款略有涉及且自相矛盾,由此在法律适用上引发了一系列困惑。妥善处理它们之间的冲突,不仅涉及公法和私法上的执行秩序,而且关系到公益与私益的权衡及其保护。理论上,从利益关系的视角,可将行政执行与民事执行的关系处理规则归类为:公益优先主义、私益优先主义、平等对待主义、非利益考量主义。笔者主张,行政执行与民事执行的衔接,应在综合权衡公益私益的前提下,再行决定相关执行程序和具体措施之先后。具体而言,就是以作为执行权基础的实体权利为依归,进行全面的利益权衡,确立公法上债权和私法上债权受偿的一般顺序。同时,为了保证受偿顺序的公平及其公私法上债权的最终实现,还应当建立起执行协调机制。

There are conflictions between administrative execution, and civil execution in current legal system and practice. To deal with these, it is not only concern about the order of execution in both of public law and private law but being related to ＇the protection between public benefits and private benefits. When decided the order of executive routine and the specific measures, we should judge these two kinds of benefits first. And for the purpose of the equity of claim satisfaction order and the realization of creditor＇s rights both in public law and private law, harmonization system should be built.