古汉字形声字与圣书字形声字的声旁对比

Comparison on phonetic component of semantic-phonetic compound characters between old Chinese writing and Egyptian hieroglyphic

本文对古汉字和古埃及圣书字两种文字中的形声字的声旁,作了共时和历时两个平面的对比。二者在共时平面(总数、表音类化程度、表音功能三个方面)表现出很大的差异,而这些差异是因为两种文字的形声字具有不同的产生机制。古汉字形声字主要是在明确表意的目标下产生的,而古埃及圣书字的形声字是在记音不自足的情况下产生的。然后从语言类型、语音特点和方言三个方面探讨了二者为什么会有不同的形声化机制。最后指出汉字声旁的表意、别义性质是汉字坚持表意路线的重要原因;圣书字形声字声旁的记音性质体现出向拼音文字发展的趋势。

This essay compares the phonetic components of semantic-phonetic compound characters in old Chinese writing and Egyptian hieroglyphic. The comparison was conducted in synchronic perspective and diachronic perspective. The great synchronic differences （including Quantity, Degree of classification and Phonetic function）, are mainly caused by different formation mechanisms. Chinese semantic-phonetic compound characters were formed under the ultimate goal： to represent or distinguish the meaning; while Egyptian semantic-phonetic compound characters were formed under the ultimate goal： to complement the phonetic deficiency. The roason why the formation mechanisms are different can probably be analyzed in three aspects： language type, phonetic characteristics and dialects. As far as the importance of the semantic-phonetic compound characters in both writing system is concerned, the ideographie feature of Chinese phonetic components provides the main basis for the ideographic route of the Chinese writing, system while the phonogranhic feature of the Egyptian nhonetie comnonents guaranteed the tendencv towards an alnhabetical system.