中国入世五年：粮食贸易及政策发展

China＇s Grain Trade and Policy Development： Five Years since Joining the WTO

本文回顾分析我国入世五年来粮食贸易及政策的发展和变化，重点分析粮食关税配额利用情况。本研究表明入世后我国粮食贸易政策发生了一系列变化。粮食进口配额量较大，但使用率相对较低，其他农产品的配额使用率较高。不同粮食品种配额使用率差异也较大。过去几年里我国粮食进口主要受国内粮食供求的影响。未来我国粮食贸易政策的发展及贸易量主要取决于国内粮食供求状况、国内政策调整及我国与主要粮食出口国的多边以及双边贸易谈判进展。

This paper examines the development of China＇s grain trade and policies after its entry into the WTO in 2001 with an emphasis on the implementation and management of the grain TRQs （tariff-rate quotas） . The result shows that China＇s total grain trade volume has increased significantly and net grain imports have also increased. While China has done well to fulfill its WTO entry com- mitments, its trade policies were generally in favour of encouraging domestic grain production. Chiefly influenced by domestic demand-supply situations coupled with policies promoting domestic supply, China＇s grain imports and exports in the past five years fluctuated and the utilisation of the grain TRQs has been low. Whether China＇s grain TRQ usage will increase and how its grain trade policy will evolve will continue to be affected by domestic grain supply and demand, and also by the outcomes of bilateral and multilateral free trade negotiations.