机床主轴/刀具联结系统的扩张理论与方法

Extended theory and methodology for analysis of spindle/tool-holder interface system in machine tools

应用弹性力学理论分析了高速状态下离心力对主轴/刀具联结系统特性的影响,提出了主轴装夹刀柄时的过盈量与脱松角速度、主轴外径与刀柄内径之间的关系,同时还提出了主轴/刀具联结系统在离心力作用下膨胀后联结间隙与过盈量之间的关系.研究表明,合理设计机床主轴外径与刀柄内径之间的关系、正确选择刀柄材料以及结构能有效防止机床主轴/刀具联结系统的弹性变形,提高机床的加工精度.

The influence of centrifugal force caused by high-speed rotation on the characteristics of spindie-toolholder interface system was analyzed by means of the theory of elasticity mechanics. The relationship of the interference amount of the fitting to the disengagement angular velocity, outside diameter of the spindle, and inside diameter of the tool-holder mounted onto the former was advanced. Meantime, the relationship between the interference amount of the fitting and the mounting clearance between the spindle and toolholder caused by the expansion due to the action of centrifugal force in the spindle-toolholer interface system was also presented. It was shown by the investigation that reasonable determination of the relationship between the outside diameter of the spindle of machine tools and the inside diameter of the toolholder and correct selection of the material and configuration of the toolholder could effectively prevent the spindle-toolholder interface system of the machine tools from elastic deformation and improve the machining accuracy.