从高等教育哲学的视角解读美国大学和政府关系的复杂性

The Complexity of Relationship between American Universities and the Government——From the Aspect of Philosophical Development of Higher Education

布鲁贝克的两点论将美国大学和政府的关系定义为自治和监督之间的和谐与冲突,而实用主义哲学则把大学、政府、市场内在地结合在一起。随着高等教育实践的发展,高等教育存在和发展的哲学基础也在不断拓展,以人为本位的教育人类学弥补了精英模式遗留的教育哲学的巨大空间,为大众化的高等教育提供了存在的合法性。政府是高等教育的立法者、赞助人和保护者,而高等教育对国家政治、经济、文化有着重要的作用。如果说高深学问是大学和政府物质关系的纽带,那么对学生的价值和利益的关照则是大学和政府伦理的交叉点。只有从完整意义的高等教育角度出发,才能领悟美国大学和政府之间自治与监督的和谐与冲突,解读高等教育大众化和普及化背景下二者关系的复杂性。

Brubeck＇s two-point theory represents the relationship between American universities and the government as harmony and conflict in the process of university self-government and government surveillance, whereas pragmatistie philosophy internally integrates university, government and market. With the development of higher education, the philosophical foundation on which higher education exists and develops is also consistently expand- ing. The man-oriented educational anthropology greatly makes up the enormous space of education philosophy left by elite-mode, and also provides the validity for popularization of higher education where the government is the legislator, sponsor, and protector. The higher education is of great significance for the state polities, economy and culture. If profound knowledge is the link between universities and the government, then the consideration of students＇ value and profits is the ethical junction of universities and the government. Only from the complete sense of higher education, can we comprehend the harmony and conflict between the American universities and the government, and understand the complexity of the relation between the two from the perspective of higher education popularization.