1975年到20世纪90年代初移民美国的第一代印支本地人与华人:人数与生存方式

First Generation Migrants of Chinese and Local People from Indo-China to America from 1975 to Early 1990s: Numbers and Life-Style

本文首先分析了移民美国的两类印支移民(印支本地人和印支华人)各自移民的背景和人数,然后在比较他们与其他在美亚裔民族的不同特点以及分析两类印支移民各自特点的基础上,对他们在美生存适应的基本状态作了分析。本文认为,两类印支移民的共同特点对他们有利的一面是,容易形成本族群社区,因此存在形成本族群凝聚力的客观环境。不利的一面是,大部分人必须从社会的底层做起,产生族群精英的时间会滞后,因而整个族群在美国社会中的地位不高。但两类印支移民原先在印支的主要社会职业不同,聚居地不同,文化差异甚大,在移民美国前就各自独处,在移民后几乎将各自小社会的一切带到美国,形成两大族群内部各自以小圈子为基本单位进行自助自救的生存方式。

This paper analyzes the migration background and numbers of two kind of migrants from Indo - China： local and Chinese. Based on comparisons between Indo - China migrants and other Asian ethnical groups in the United States and between two kinds migrants from Indo - China, this paper further analyzes the basic situation of their survival adaptation. It holds that these two kinds of migrants from Indo - China shared some common characteristics, which include easily forming their ethnical communities and related favorable environment, most of them would have to start their undertaking from the very bottom of the society, elites would come into being later, and therefore they have weak influences upon the American society. The two kinds of migrants differ from each other in their main social work, their resident places and culture. Therefore, these two kinds of ethical group form a self-help and self - support society with their own ＂small circles. ＂