华南地区几种常见植物对薇甘菊的化感作用研究

Allelopathy of several common plants in South China on Mikania micrantha

用供体植物地上部分的水提液或乙醇提取液配制成一定质量浓度的营养液,培养已生根的薇甘菊(Mikania micrantha)枝条,1个月后测其生长情况。结果表明,幌伞枫(Heteropanax fragrans)和三叶鬼针草(Bidens pilosa)水提液培养的薇甘菊无一成活;芒萁(Dicranopteris pedata)水提液对薇甘菊也表现出很强的化感作用,其抑制综合效应(SE)为72.47%。少花龙葵(Solanum nigrum)乙醇提取液培养的薇甘菊无一成活,三叶鬼针草和芒萁的乙醇提取液对薇甘菊也表现出很强的化感作用,其SE值分别达到50.50%和17.11%。可见三叶鬼针草和芒萁有望开发用来对薇甘菊进行长期生物防治。供体植物提取液对薇甘菊插条成活率和根系活力的影响高于对其生物量的影响,表明供体植物的化感物质可能是通过抑制薇甘菊根系活力来抑制其生长和繁殖的。

Allelopathy of several common plants in South China on Mikania micrantha was studied. Cuttings of Mikania micrantha with fibrous roots were cultured in solution with special concentration for a month. The culture solution is mixed by nutrient solution and aqueous extract or alcohol extract of the stems and leaves of donor plants. The results showed that the cuttings were all dead cultured in the culture solution with aqueous extract of Heteropanaxfragrans and Bidens pilosa. And the aqueous extract of Dicran- opteris pedata had strong allelopathy on Mikania micrantha, whose synthctic inhibitory effect （SE） was 72.47%. The cuttings that were cultured in the solution with alcohol extract of Solanum nigrum were all dead. And the alcohol extract of Bidens pilosa and Dicranopteris pedata had strong allelopathy on Mikania micrantha, whose SE was 50.50% and 17.11% respectively. So Bidens pilosa and Dicranopteris pedata can be developed to control Mikania micrantha. The effect of the extract of donor plants on survival rate and root system vigor ofMikania micrantha cuttings was stronger than on its biomass, which showed that plant allelochemicals may inhibit the growth and replication ofMikania micrantha by inhibit its root system vigor.