盐碱地环境下芨芨草土壤微生物群落的初步分析

The Preliminary analysis of soil microbial community of planting Achnatherum splendens (Trin) Nevski under saline and alkali land environment

新疆的盐碱化土壤分布广泛,它与荒漠化过程相伴而生,不但造成了资源的破坏、农业生产的巨大损失,而且还对生物圈和生态环境构成威胁。芨芨草(Achnatherumsplendens(Trin)Nevski)有着耐寒、耐旱、耐盐、根系发达、适应性广,能够涵养水分、改良土壤等特性,因此芨芨草成为在新疆种植的改良盐碱地土壤的可选植物之一。目前,关于芨芨草在改良盐碱土地的过程中,它对改变盐碱地土壤微生物群落方面的研究还很少有人报道。作者采用稀释平板分离计数法测定了芨芨草不同地块垂直分布的各个土层中细菌、放线菌、真菌的数量,初步研究分析了种植芨芨草的盐碱地土壤微生物群落分布变化的特点,讨论了芨芨草的种植对盐碱地土壤环境的影响。试验表明,种植芨芨草对盐碱地土质的改良可能起到了一定的作用,随着芨芨草种植年限的增加,不但使细菌和放线菌的总数升高,而且细菌和放线菌数量的垂直分布表现出向上层移动的趋势,同时出现了真菌。此研究结果为种植芨芨草改良盐碱地土壤环境的进一步研究奠定基础。

The soil of saline and alkali is distributed wide-ranging over Xinjiang, and is existed each other following with the desert. That cause not only the destroy to the nature resources and the heavy losses to the agriculture produce, but also constitute a threat to the biosphere and the ecology environment, dchnatherum splendens （Trin） Nevski has many character, for example cold-resistant, drought-resistant, saline-resistant, well-developed root, wide-ranging adaptability, conserving water and improving the soil. Therefore, dchnatherum splendens （Trin） Nevski has become the selected plant that can improve the soil of saline and alkali in Xinjiang. At present, the study that dchnatherum splendens （Trin） Nevski change the soil microbial community of saline and alkali is reported rarely during the soil of saline and alkali. We use the dilution-plate-separation-count method determining the amount of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi of the vertical every soil layer in Achnatherum splendens （Trin） Nevski different plot. We study and analyse the distributive character of soil microbial community of saline and alkali land that plant Achnatherum splendens （Trin） Nevski, and discuss the effect of planting Achnatherum splendens （Trin） Nevski to the saline and alkali soil environment. The experiment indicates that planting Achnatherum splendens （Trin） Nevski may have some action to improve the saline alkali soil. With the adding of planting age, the total quantity of bacteria and actinomycetes goes up, and the vertical distribution of bacteria and actinomycetes＇s quantity display the trend that move to the upper levels, and fungi appear. The result lays foundations for the further study that plant Achnatherum splendens （Trin） Nevski to improve the saline alkali soil environment.