堆肥调理剂研究进展

Application of amendments in composting:A review

调理剂是堆肥过程中的重要辅料。通过添加调理剂,可以改善堆肥物料的理化条件,达到好氧微生物对生长环境的要求。文章综述了堆肥调理剂的分类,讨论了它在堆肥工程中的作用,并对研究方向进行了探讨。大量研究表明,调理剂在堆肥过程中起到调节物料w(C)/w(N)比、含水率、堆体自由空域、减少堆体臭气、改善堆肥养分和调控重金属等作用。目前,调理剂的研究重点在于其在堆肥过程的作用,而对复合型调理剂的开发、调理剂的作用机理及其在工程中的应用等问题关注较少。

Amendments are important assistant materials in the composting process. In order to complete the composting process efficiently, the materials for composting should meet some physical and chemical characteristics such as w（C）/w（N） ratio （carbon nitrogen ratio）, moisture content, free air space, etc., under which conditions aerobic microorganisms can thrive. According to amendments＇ chemical property, they can be divided into two types： active amendments which can be biodegradable in the composting and inert amendments which can not be. Active amendments mainly improve the chemical characteristic of the materials, while inert amendments mainly improve the physical structure of the composting matrix and the quality of the compost product. This paper reviews the function of many amendments in literatures, which includes six aspects： adjusting the w（C）/w（N） ratio of the materials, regulating moisture content, modulating the free air space, reducing the odors in the process, improving the nutrient quality of the product and decreasing the effectiveness of heavy metals. In recent literatures, researchers focus on whether the composting can be completed successfully after adding amendments. However, there are some other aspects about amendment should be pay more attention, such as： the development of compound amendments, the mechanism in which amendments affect the composting process, the application of amendments in composting engineering.