甘肃境内长城遗址主要病害及保护研究

Study on the main disease of the Great Wall and its conservation in Gansu province

甘肃境内长城遗址受自然地质作用、人类活动及环境诸因素的综合作用,破坏严重,急待抢救性保护。为此调查了各时代长城的分布、保存现状。经分析表明其发育主要病害有表面严重风化、基础掏蚀凹进、多种类型裂隙、崩塌和坍塌及人为破坏,从而针对性的提出土坯砌筑托换加固地基、静压注浆加固地基、锚杆锚固、裂隙注浆、表面渗透注浆、小锚钉锚固注浆工程等长城遗址的保护加固技术。以汉长城广昌燧和战国秦长城马家山段为例具体介绍了长城遗址的保护加固。结果表明,所用方法对土建筑长城加固保护具有参考价值。

Influenced by mutual effect of the physicogeologic process, human activity and environment, the Great Wall in Gansu Province were destroyed seriously and urgent to be conserved. Therefore, various era of Great Wall＇ s distribution and its present situation were investigated. The result of analyse indicated that the main diseases were serious weathering, the foundation indent due to wind erosion, washing out and capillary, fissure, collapse and sloughing, human destruction. To solve the problems, suggestions were put forward such as onsolidated subsoil consolidation using mud brick and static pressure grouting technique, anchoring, crack grouting, penetrating grouting on the surface, anchoring and grouting. The Great Wall of Han Dynasty in Guangchangsui rains and the Majiashan rains of the Qin Dynasty in the Waring States Period were introduced to illustrate the conservation of Grear Wall. The results indicated that the suggestions were of important reference to reinforce the earthen Great Wall.