基于质点振速测量的低空目标定向算法研究

An Algorithm for Passive Direction Estimation to Low Altitude Target Based on Particle Velocity Measurement

声测被动定向是声学监视技术的重要研究内容。为实现对低空运动目标的声学监视,提出一种基于声矢量传感器原理的被动定向方法,推导出基于质点振速测量的定向算法,采用实测噪声信号对定向算法进行数值仿真,结果表明:当传感器尺寸为0.3 m、信号信噪比为0 dB时,定向精度在2°以内。通过外场实验,研究该传感器的质点振速指向性,得到了其质点振速指向性图,该传感器具有较好的空间指向性。外场实验证明:该定向算法具有较高的定向精度,能够用于低空目标的声测被动定向,有较好的应用前景。该研究成果可直接用于空中运动目标,如飞机、导弹和无人机等目标的声测被动定向。

Passive acoustic direction finding is an important aspect in the acoustic surveillance. In order to detect the low altitude targets, the method for passive bearing estimation with acoustic vector sensots was presented. Based on the technique of measuring the field particle velocity, the algorithm of passive bearing estimation to low altitude target was derived. Simulating with the noise signal radiated from the real target, the results show that the algorithm can achieve direction estimation in precision of 2° when the size of acoustic vector sensor is 0.3 m and signal-noise-ratio （SNR） = 0 dB. The experiment on particle velocity directivity of the acoustic vector sensors was also carried out, and gained the figures of the particle velocity directivity of the vector sensor. It has the fine spatial directivity. The experiment results also show that the method can reach a high precision, and can be used in passive acoustic direction estimation to low altitude target. Furthermore, the results of the research could be directly used in estimating the direction of the targets such as helicopters, missiles, and so on.