短串联重复序列PCR及其应用

STRs PCR AND ITS APPLICATION

STR(short tandem repeat)基因座广泛分布于各种真核生物基因组中,是高度多态性标记的丰富来源,并可用PCR反应来检测。扩增区域重复序列重复次数的差异导致STR基因座的等位基因不同的分型,可区别不同的基因型。本文介绍了短串联重复序列PCR的基本原理和分析方法,并简要介绍了短串联重复序列PCR在亲缘关系鉴定、种群遗传结构分析、基因图谱以及基因诊断等方面的应用。

STRs （short tandem repeats） loci consist of short, repetitive sequence dements 2 to 6 base pairs in length. These repeats are well distributed throughout the eukaryotie genomes and are a rich source of highly polymorphic markers, which may be detected using the polymerase chain reaction. Alleles of STR loci are differentiated by the number of copies of the repeat sequence contained within the amplified region and are distinguished from one another using radioactive, silver stain or fluorescence detection following electrophoretic separation. Here, the polymorphism mechanism and findamental principle of STRs DNA are introduced and the lastest application of STRs is reviewed, including its mutations, relationship identification, analysis of population genetics, STRs mapping and so on.