中亚五国经济体制转轨的新制度经济学分析

20世纪90年代初,伴随东欧剧变、苏联解体,在中亚地区先后出现了5个新兴的民族国家——哈萨克斯坦、乌兹别克斯坦、吉尔吉斯斯坦、土库曼斯坦和塔吉克斯坦。由于其独特的地缘政治经济背景,而日臻受到世界的关注。近些年来,“中亚热”呈持续升温趋势;作为中国西北部地区的毗邻,中亚地区的形势发展具有重要的战略意义。中亚五国独立10多年来,取得了不小成就,也遇到了许多困难和存在不少问题;作为转型国家的中亚五国,因其具体国情的差异,经济体制转轨模式呈现出不同的特征。为了更好地理解转轨的本质特征和准确地把握其未来的发展趋势,本文从新制度经济学的视角,以制度变迁理论为基础对中亚五国的经济体制转轨与发展进行了具体分析,同时与俄罗斯的经济体制转轨模式做了有益的相关比较。

In early 1990s there came into being five newly emerging nation-states in Central Asia, namely, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, and Tajikistan. Owing to their unique geopolitical economic context, they have received focal attention from the world community. In recent years, Central Asian heat has continued unabated. As they are neighbors of northwestern China, it is of strategic importance to follow the Central Asia developments closely. In the past decade and more, the five Central Asian states have achieved appreciable achievements while being confronted with many headaches and problems. Their economic transitional modes vary in features as much as they vary in national conditions. To better understand the essential features of their transitions and accurately grasp their future development trends, the article makes a concrete analysis of their economic restructuring and development from the angle of new institutional economics and on the basis of institutional change theories. Meanwhile, it makes a beneficial comparison with the Russian mode of economic restructuring transition.