集中空调系统及其他生活环境水中军团菌污染状况

Contamination of Water Samples from Centralized Air Conditioning System and Other Domestic Environment by Legionella

目的为了解与生活环境密切相关水体中军团菌的污染状况。方法根据天津市区的地理分布(加湿器同时考虑家庭居住面积)选择75个监测点,其中,集中式空调冷却水36个,空调冷凝水10个,宾馆淋浴喷头水17个,家用超声波加湿器储水12个。于2003年5月—2004年4月,采集空调冷却水、空调冷凝水、淋浴喷头水、加湿器水样,采用血清学与半套式PCR方法对水样进行检测。结果共采集水样186件,军团菌阳性16件,阳性率为8.60%,嗜肺军团菌阳性15件,阳性率为8.06%。空调冷却水中军团菌、嗜肺军团菌阳性率均高于空调冷凝水、淋浴喷头水、加湿器水,但4种水样中军团菌、嗜肺军团菌的阳性率总体上差异均无统计学意义(军团菌:χ2=5.722,P=0.126;嗜肺军团菌:χ2=7.567,P=0.056)。共分离出8型军团菌,其中以Lp9型最多,并检出Lp7型。其中,空调冷却水检出Lp1、Lp3、Lp5、Lp7、Lp8、Lp9型,淋浴喷头水检出Lp2、Lp9、Lp10型。空调冷凝水检出1株约旦军团菌,加湿器水中未检出军团菌。结论空调冷却水、空调冷凝水、淋浴喷头水是可能被军团菌污染的高危水体,需引起足够重视,以防止军团病的流行。

Objective To explore the contamination of water samples from centralized air conditioning system and other domestic environment by legionella. Methods One hundred and eighty-six samples were collected from 75 sampling sites located among centralized air conditioning system, shower bath and humidifiers. The serology identification and semi-nested PCR were used to identify legionella in water samples. Results The positive rate was 8.60% （16/186） for legionella and 8.06%（15/186） for Legionellapneumophila among water samples respectively. Legionella and Legionellapneumophila were found in cooling water and condensate of centralized air conditioning system and water from shower bath in different degree. Water samples from cooling tower of centralized air conditioning system showed the highest positive rate for legionella and Legionella pneumophila. Conclusion Cooling water and condensate of centralized air conditioning system and water from shower bath present the risk of contamination by legionella. It should he paid more attention to prevent legionnaires＇ disease.