刘氏中剑水蚤防治蚊幼虫的研究

STUDIES ON THE CONTROL OF MOSQUITO LARVAE WITH MESOCYCLOPS LEUCKARTI

作者在济宁市各种水域中广泛采集了中剑水蚤，经过培养后一种鉴定为刘氏中剑水蚤（Ｍｅｓｏｃｙｃｌｏｐｓｌｅｕｃｋａｒｔｉ），在实验室及现场中进行了系统评价。在室内，刘氏中剑水蚤对三种蚊幼虫均有较高的捕食力，２０２０比例下，中剑水蚤对白纹伊蚊Ⅰ龄幼虫在２４、４８和７２ｈ捕食率分别为９６％、１００％和１００％，对淡色库蚊幼虫分别为６５％、７５％和８０％，对中华按蚊分别为７５％、９０％和９０％。蚊笼模拟试验表明，中剑水蚤可分别于８、９和１０周内消灭白纹伊蚊、淡色库蚊和中华按蚊的幼虫种群，成蚊于２周后消失。大池培养经济易行，获得成功。现场试验证明，刘氏中剑水蚤在蚊虫孳生地可成功地建立自己的种群，存活时间长于蚊虫季节，因此可长期防治蚊幼虫。中剑水蚤防治白纹伊蚊的效果好于淡色库蚊。应用中剑水蚤的长持效和Ｂ．ｓ．及Ｂ．ｔ．ｉ．的速效，在防治淡色库蚊和白纹伊蚊方面取得了更明显的效果，幼虫密度降低率９０％以上，持效整个蚊虫季节。因此二者合用可作为蚊虫综合防治的一个组成部分。

This study evaluated the control efficacy of a predatory copepod, Mesocyclops leuckarti, which was collectecd in local area of Jining, and its compatibility with microbial agents Bacillus sphaericus and B.t.i for control of mosquito larvae in the laboratory and field conditions. In the laboratory, M.leukarti displayed highly predatory activity against first instar larvae of Ae.albopictus, An. sinensis and Cx.pipiens pallens. The predatory rate was 96%, 100% and 100% against Ae.albopicuts larvae, 75%, 90% and 90% against An.sinensis larvae, 65%, 75% and 80% against Cx.pipiens pallens larvae at 24, 48 and 82 hours respectively. One adult Mesocyclops can eat up 6 8 larvae of Cx.pipiens pallens or An.sinensis , 40 60 Ae.albopictus larvae within 3 days. Cage simulation test shown that larvae of Ae.albopictus, Cx.pipiens pallens and An.sinensis were eliminated within 8, 9 and 10 weeks after interaction with copepods respectively in experimental cage. M.leuckarti population growth was quick, and mass production is easy and economic. Pilot field trials indicated that M.leuckarti could establish their colony in the mosquito breeding sites and persist longer than the mosquito active season. So long term sustainable control is possible. Especially when Mesocyclops was used in combination with B.sphaericus, B.t.i ., employing the rapid larvicidal action of bio insecticides and sustainable control effect of copepods Mesocyclops , remarkable control of mosquito larvae was obtained with the reduction rate of mosquito larval density of more than 90% and residual effect lasting more than the mosquito season. The use in combination was believed to be practical for mosquito control and could be integrated into mosquito control program. Field investigation revealed negative correlation of Mesocyclops with An.sinensis larval density in rice fields.