苗期灌水量对花生生理特性和产量的影响

Effects of irrigation amount at seedling stage on physiological characteristics and yield of peanut

在人工控水条件下,研究了苗期不同灌水量对两个抗旱性不同的花生品种“农大818”和“鲁花11”生理特性及产量的影响.结果表明:随着灌水量的减少,花生叶片光合速率逐渐下降,叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量增加;灌水60～80mm(适当干旱)可增加叶片中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,提高叶片可溶性蛋白质(Pr)含量;干旱解除后,叶片中SOD、POD、CAT活性和Pr、MDA含量显著降低,而光合速率显著升高.随着灌水量的减少,花生荚果和籽仁产量降低,但农大818的降低幅度不如鲁花11明显,表明农大818比鲁花11更耐旱;在节水条件下,鲁花11苗期适宜灌水量不能低于80mm,农大818不能低于60mm.

Taking two peanut varieties with different drought-resistance Luhua 11 and Nongda 818 as test crops, the effects of different irrigation amount at seedling stage on their physiological characteristics and yield were studied from 2003 to 2004. The results showed that with decreasing irrigation amount, the leaf photosynthesis rate of test varieties decreased, while malondialdeyde （MDA） content increased. Watering 60-80 mm （suitable drought） enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, peroxidase （POD） and catlase （CAT）, and increased the content of soluble protein. After re-watering by the end of treatments, the activities of SOD, POD and CAT and the contents of soluble protein and MDA decreased significantly, while photosynthesis rate increased obviously. The pod and kernel yield decreased with decreasing irrigation amount, and Luhua 11 had a greater loss than Nongda 818, indicating that Nongda 818 was more drought-tolerant than Luhua 11. It was suggested that under water-saving culture, the irrigation amount at seedling stage could not be less than 80 mm for Luhua 11, and less than 60 mm for Nongda 818.