离开思辨的基地才能解决思辨的矛盾——《德意志意识形态》中的“圣布鲁诺”章解读

Contradiction of Speculation Could Be Solved Only by Leaving the Base of Speculation: An Interpretation of Saint Bruno in Deutsch Ideology

马克思、恩格斯写作《德意志意识形态》的直接动机,是要回击1845年《维干德季刊》第3期上布鲁诺·鲍威尔等人所阐述的见解。“圣布鲁诺”是《德意志意识形态》写作的起始篇章,因此,从把握作者思想表述和逻辑展开的角度考虑,对《德意志意识形态》的研究应该从这一章开始。鲍威尔对费尔巴哈的批判路径,是从费尔巴哈出发,利用“恩格斯和马克思”作过渡,最后到赫斯;其中的一切判断都是鲍威尔“通过自身、在自身中并与自身一起”完成的。这个“自身”质言而之只是观念和思辨,它在现实命运中自恃甚高而一无实际后果。马克思、恩格斯揭示了鲍威尔一直在精神领域内施展伎俩,始终站在黑格尔哲学特有的基地上,并没有离开思辨的基地来解决思辨的矛盾,致使对困扰德国古典哲学的难题并没有实质性的推进。

The direct motivation of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in writing Deutsch Ideology is to fight back Bruno Powell＇s idea. Marx and Engels reveals that Powell has played tricks in the field of spirit, and he has always stood on the special field pf Hegel＇s philosophy, hence there is no essential progress in solving the problems of Deutsch classical philosophy, and Bruno does not solve contradiction of speculation by leaving the base of speculation.