中国贸易量增长与本土产业的升级——基于全球价值链的治理视角

The growth of China’s trade volume and the upgrading of local industries——Based on the global value chain governance perspective

中国对外贸易量的持续超高速增长,并没有逻辑地促进中国本土产业的升级。单个企业、产业集群和国家经济以不适当方式加入全球市场,可能会带来某些拉美国家已经出现过的“贫困增长”的现象。全球价值链是当代贸易发生和组织的主要形式,其主要特征是:发达国家的领导性企业事实上协调着发展中国家形式上独立的企业的贸易活动,其治理结构影响着中国本土产业升级的机遇。在全球价值链中,由被俘获关系所表现的价值环节,给中国企业提供了一条快速的产品升级和工艺升级的轨道。中国企业被一体化进入这种价值链后,具有双重效应:既强化了产品和工艺升级的能力,也会阻碍其功能的进一步升级。尤其是在设计、品牌和营销方面的进步,会与全球买者的核心能力之间发生冲突。进入基于能力分享、集中开发新产品和新工艺的均衡性网络,要比在被俘获的价值链中更具有对称性。中国产业升级的机遇,既由其在全球价值链中的关系所决定,又由其自身的战略和创新能力所决定。

China＇s entry into the global value chain, not only caused the rapid growth of trade, but also provided Chinese enterprises with a rapid track of process escalation and product upgrades. However, their functions have also hindered further escalation. We found that, entering into a balanced network which is based on the ability to share and concentrated on developing new products and new techniques, are more symmetrical than in a captured value chain. China＇s industrial upgrading opportunities are determined not only by its relationship in the global value chain, but also by its ability to determine its own strategy and innovation competence.