从庄、刘到龚、魏:晚清启蒙思想生发之轨迹

From Zhuang Cunyu & Liu Fenglu to Gong Zizhen & Wei Yuan: The Track of Enlightenment in Late Qing Dynasty

庄存与是清代今文经学的开创者,刘逢禄是清代今文经学的奠基人。龚自珍和魏源先后从刘逢禄问学,他们的思想受到庄、刘的影响是毫无疑义的。但是,也有一些人认为,龚、魏在刘逢禄处学到的是“今文学文献知识”,龚、魏的重点则在“社会现实问题,而这正是刘逢禄极力回避的,不敢接触的”。事实上,龚、魏之所以能超越庄、刘,主要是因为时代在发展、社会在变迁,对政治向来敏感的今文经学也在不同时期生发出不同的感受,起着不同的作用。应当注意到,庄、刘的“经世”之念,他们传授的今文经学中的变易思想深深地影响了龚、魏。龚、魏启蒙思想的生发,是与庄、刘有着密切的承继关系的。

Zhuang Cunyu is the vanguard of classical studies in modern language in Qing Dynasty, while Liu Fenglu lays the foundation for it. Gong Zizhen and Wei Yuan are influenced by Zhuang and Liu. Gong and Wei transcend Zhuang and Liu, chiefly because the time is developing and the society is changing. The classical studies in modern language is sensible of politics, and it has different sensibility in different times, and played different roles. It is to be noted that the idea of ＂managing the world＂ and the idea of changing by Zhuang and Liu deeply influence Gong and Wei＇s idea of enlightenment.