禽畜粪便堆肥中优势菌株的分离及对有机物质降解能力的比较

Isolation and Comparing the Degradation Ability of the Microbe in the Manure Composting

通过对猪粪堆肥各个阶段的微生物进行分离、纯化,得到84株纯菌株.经过对比测定,选出生长相对较快,降解淀粉、油脂、蛋白质及纤维素能力较强的53株菌株,包括常温细菌15株、高温细菌4株、常温放线菌17株、高温放线菌6株、常温霉菌11株.其中,细菌对于淀粉和蛋白质分解能力较好,但对纤维素和油脂的分解能力差,由放线菌和霉菌的分解作用进行补充.高温期细菌和放线菌起着至关重要的作用,霉菌则主要在堆肥末期发挥作用,在高温期活性很弱.

Eighty-four strains were isolated and purified from different periods of pig dung＇s composts. Fifty-three strains （including 15 strains of mesophilic bacteria, 4 strains of thermophilic bacteria, 17 strains of mesophilic actinomyces, 6 strains of thermophilic actinomyces and 11 strains of mesophilic moulds） were obtained by the degradation ability of four kinds of macromolecular organic matters （ starch, fats, protein and cellulose）. Bacteria is good at decomposing amylum and protein, actinomyces and mould are good at decomposing fibre and lipid. Bacteria and actinomyces are the most disintegrator in the beginning and metaphase of the composting while mould is active at the end of the composting.