武汉市大学生睡眠情况调查初步分析

A Survey on Sleep Conditions and Attitudes of College Students in Wuhan City

目的:了解和分析武汉市大学生的睡眠状况并对有睡眠障碍者提出干预措施。方法:采用自编的“大学生睡眠状况调查表”对武汉10所大学的在校生1100名进行睡眠情况抽样调查,并对结果进行分析。结果:有效问卷902名大学生中,日均睡眠时间<6 h(2.7%)、>9 h(10.4%),86.0%有午休习惯,10.5%有或常有不良睡眠习惯;12.6%感到睡眠不好和很差;26.2%因睡眠问题引起精神不振、上课打瞌睡、走神等情况;61.6%有过入睡困难、易醒、多梦、早醒、磨牙、打鼾、呓语、梦游或早晨难醒等睡眠障碍,但仅有5.1%学生因睡眠问题求医或咨询,61.8%的学生认为对大学生的睡眠健康需要“关注”和“特别关注”;理工科学生与文史和其他专业学生比较,学习生活较紧张,睡眠时间较短,坚持午休人数较多,而睡眠效果较差,睡眠障碍率较高,对睡眠健康问题持“无所谓”态度者较高(P<0.01)。结论:大学生短睡者较少、长睡者较多,睡眠障碍普遍和较严重。应加强对学生尤其对理工科学生的睡眠卫生健康教育和提高应用非医疗方法解决睡眠问题的能力;低年级和高年级学生应采取不同的干预方式。

Objective： To investigate sleep conditions and attitudes of college students in Wuhan City. Methods： A survey with the self-designed questionnaire on sleep conditions and attitudes was conducted randomly to 1100 current college students from 10 universities in Wuhan City. Results ： Of 1100 students, 902 （85 % ） returned a completed form regarding all questions in this survey. The daily average sleep time was less than 6 h in 2. 7o/00 of the students, greater than 9 h in 10.4%. 86.0% of the students had the habit of noontime snooze, 10. 5% had abnormal sleep habits, and 12.6% felt fatigue or very fatigue after sleep. 26.2% had dispirited, snoozing, or absence during classes due to sleep problems. 61.6% had sleep disorders with difficult falling-asleep, frequent awaking, often dreaming, early waking-up, teeth-grinding, snoring, talking while sleeping, or sleepwalking. Only 5.1% of the students had sought for treatment or consultation for their sleep problems, but 61.8% believed that attention or intensive attention should be given to the sleep health of college students. In comparison with students in departments of literature, history and other subjects, the students in departments of science and technology had more stressful study and life, shorter sleep time, larger population with noontime snooze, but poorer sleep quality, higher rate in sleep disorders, and greater proportion with an attitude of ＂it-does-not-matter＂ on their sleep health （all P〈0.05）. Conclusion： The eo!lege students in Wuhan city were less with shorter sleep time, more with longer sleep time, and extensive and severe with sleep disorders. We propose that education on sleep health of college students, especially of students in science and technology, should be enhanced in order to improve the ability of students to solve their sleep problems by non-medical manner, even with different strategies to guide seniors and juniors.