胎儿发育缺陷病理解剖分析

Pathoanatomical analysis of fetal development defect

目的:为了了解各种发育缺陷的发生几率及为今后胎儿发育缺陷的筛查提供必要信息。方法:通过对66例有先天性发育畸形胎儿进行病理解剖,分析了各种先天性畸形的发生情况。结果:在66例有先天性发育畸形胎儿中,心血管发育异常病例数量多,占全部发育异常的25.8%,占死胎总数的53.6%;其次是无脑儿,有15例。脑积水、脊椎裂和脑脊膜膨出等的发生构成例均在10%以上。腭裂、淋巴水肿、肾发育异常构成比例分别为7.6%。从发病系统上分析,48.5%的发育异常胎儿有神经管发育异常。另外,部分病例表现出多种发育缺陷。结论:虽然神经管发育异常是主要的胎儿发育缺陷,但是心血管发育缺陷是导致死胎、死产的重要原因。相当比例淋巴水肿和肾发育异常应当引起妇幼保健医师的注意。

Objective： To understand the occurrence probability of various congenital developmental defects and to provide the neeessary information for screening of fetal developmental defects in future. Methods： 66 cases suffering from congenital fetus malformations underwent pathoanatomy examination, and the occurrence of various congenital developmental defects was described. Results： In 66 cases suffeting from congenital developmental malformations, the proportion of cardiovascular anomaly was the most, which was 25.8% of all developmental defects and 53.6% of the account of fetal deaths. There were 15 anencephalus. The constituent ratio of hydrocephalus, spina bifida and meningocele was over 10%, respectively. Cleft palate, lymphedema and renal abnormality took a constituent ratio of 7.6%, respectively： According to system categorization, 48.5% of the developmental anomaly fetus suffered from the neural tube abnormity, while 25. 8% suffered from malformation of cardiovascular system, and 19. 7% axial skeleton defects. In addition, some of them suffered from several developmental defects. Conclusion： Although the neural tube abnormity constructs the most part of congenital fetus malformations, the cardiovascular system is the most important cause leading to fetal death and stillbirth. Also maternal and child health doctors should pay more attention to the considerable lymphedema and renal abnormality in future.