针叶林下松针层和苔藓层对土壤发育的影响

EFFECT OF NEEDLE LAYER AND MOSSES LAYER UNDER A CONIFEROUS FOREST ON SOIL FORMING PROCESSES

本文系通过模拟试验探讨中国东北针叶林下松针层与苔藓层对针叶林下土壤形成过程的作用。42个月后覆盖苔藓层的土柱发生了土层分化,表层土壤(0—3cm)的颜色从原来黑土的黑色(7.5YR 3/2)变成了灰色(10YR 4/1),而其下部土层(3—18cm亚表层)的土壤颜色变红(2.5YR 4/6),同时原黑土的土壤团粒结构亦消失;而松针覆盖的土柱则未见土壤颜色与土壤结构的变化。通过对两土柱发生土层的一系列的物理、化学性质的分析鉴定和对苔藓、松针的水浸提液的有机活性官能团的鉴定,本项实验结果证明了低等植物—苔藓层比针叶对于土壤体具有较强的螯合淋溶作用,特别是螯合淋溶Al及Fe的能力更强。

A laboratory leaching experiment was used to simulate natural soil forming processes under a coniferous forest in northeast China. After 42 months two different soil 'profiles' had developed in the soil columns. The Original soil color (7.5 YR 3/2) of moss soil column was changed to grey (D10YR 4/1) in the surface 0-3 cm depth, while the subsoil (3-18 cm) became red (2.5YR 4/6). The spheroidal structure of the soil in this column also disappeared. In the soil column covered by the larch forest floor no changes in soil color or strucure were observed. From the results of the electronmicroscope pictures of genetic horizons of two artificial soil profiles; the infrared spectra curvers of the aqueous extracts of moss and needle and the contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, pH, CaO, MgO, MnO, Na20, K20, P205 of moss and needle, this experiment proved that the moss (the lower plant) had strong cheluviation effects on the soils (greater leadching losses of Fe and Al than the larch needle).