乙型肝炎病毒基因变异及其临床意义

Hepatitis B virus gene mutation and clinical significance

乙型肝炎病毒（hepatitis Bvirus，HBV）属于嗜肝DNA病毒科，由于HBV复制过程中HBVDNA聚合酶缺乏校正功能，导致HBV容易发生突变。HBV基因组中四个开放读码区均可发生变异，其中某些关键位点的变异可能与疫苗接种失败、肝炎的慢性化、重型肝炎、肝癌的发生有一定关系，并可能影响肝炎的治疗。本文综述了HBV基因关键位点变异及其临床意义。

The hepatitis B virus （HBV）, a hepadnavirus, is partially double stranded DNA virus. HBV mutation may occur because of correctional function absence in HBV DNA polymer＇ase during viral replicate cycle. HBV DNA has a very compact coding organization with four partially overlapping open reading frames （ORFs） and HBV mutations have been found in these ORFs. Mutations at crucial points may be related to the failure of vaccine inoculation, hepatitis chronicity, hepatitis aggravation, hepatocellular carcinoma; and may influence the treatment of hepatitis. This article reviewed HBV mutations at crucial points and their clinical signiflcances.