假装、连环假装与“假装假装”——从奥斯汀和陈嘉映谈起

Pretence,Double-Pretence,and Pretence of Pretence——A Supplementary Remark on Austin's and Chen's Analysis of Pretending

哲学家奥斯汀开启了“假装”的概念考察工作,我国学者陈嘉映先生对此做了转述与补充,而且就“假装’’话题还主持了两次讨论。然而,从二人的书面论说和陈先生主持的讨论看,奥、陈二人对“假装”的论说并未廓清事关假装的几个根本问题。本文以此为出发点,分析了假装的复杂性,总结出了假装的种类、假装的特性、构成假装的四个必要条件、以及假装与无法假装的界限,最后断言我们能“连环假装”,但始终无法“假装假装”。

J.L.Austin has initiated a study of pretence and his idea about pretence has been crystallized into an English philosophical paper Pretending,which has been translated and extended in Chinese by CHEN Jia-ying,who has presided over two debates on pretence.However,both Austin and Chen have failed to offer a complete picture of the study of pretence.Specifically,several essential problems remain unnoticed.In carrying on their study,this paper provides a deep insight into pretence by framing the types of pretence,the nature of pretence,the necessary conditions for pretence,and the demarcation between the possible pretence and the impossible pretence.This paper claims that we are capable of making pretence and double-pretence,but unable to make pretence of pretence.