声测定位技术的现状研究

Research Status and Prospect of the Acoustic Localization Techniques

声测定位技术是利用声学与电子装置接收声信号以确定声源位置的一种技术,具有隐蔽性好、保密性强、不易受干扰等特点。近年来受到各国的重视,并在军事领域得到长足的发展。重点介绍声测定位的关键技术,时延估计算法和声测阵列的选择是影响定位精度的主要因素。对几种广泛采用的声测阵列,给出相应的基本原理、定位计算方法并对各自特点进行比较。在声测定位系统中,利用时延估计对声信号进行处理是定位的重要环节,介绍了时延估计的基本理论、研究状况以及精度分析和比较,分析了影响定位精度的其他因素。

The acoustic localization technique is used for detecting, identifying, directing and tracking the acoustic signals. This technique is based on the acoustic sensor array. The acoustic sensor array receives the signals, and the electronic equipment transforms the signals. This technique has many advantages, so the application of this technique has been expanded in many countries, especially in the military application. The principle, characteristics, development of the technique, and the key technique of the acoustic localization are introduced. How to choose the algorithm of time-delay estimation and the acoustic sensor array are mainly discussed. In this system, the main factor which affects the localization accuracy is the time-delay estimation algorithm, so its basic theories and the recent study status are introduced. Finally, the other factors which affect the accuracy of the system are also analyzed.