现代汉语被动句施事隐现的计量分析

A quantitative analysis of the occurrence ratio of agent in contemporary Chinese passive constructions

本文考察现代汉语被动句在会话、小说、新闻、学术4种语体中的分布,特别考察施事的隐现。这里的被动句包括有形式标志的被动句,也包括意念被动句。文章从语义、句法、和信息传递的语言普遍性三个角度论证了将意念被动旬看作被动句的合理性。语篇统计的结果显示:语体特征中叙事性-评论性、口语性-书面语性两个维度是影响被动句选用的主要因素。由于在上述维度上的差别,各语体中被动句在形式和信息传递功能等方面形成种种有规律的差别。

This paper investigates especially the occurrence ratio of agent in Chinese passive constructions,with or without passive markers,in conversations,fictions,journals and academic texts.The passive reading can only be achieved from the semantic relation between the subject and the verb.Statistics reveals that the register dimensions of narrative vs. commentary and oral vs.written prove crucial in affecting the employment of passive constructions.