“V掉”的语义类型与“掉”的虚化

Semantic categories of"V diao(掉)"and grmmaticalization of diao(掉)

"(V)掉"的共时语法意义,大致可以归纳为三种:客体脱离、客体消失、行为的结束/状态的实现。这三种语法意义之间历时上亦经历了具体而抽象的虚化、发展过程。"(V)掉"共时用法和历时演化之间存在着对应关系——现代汉语"(V)掉"的三种用法正好对应于近代汉语的三个发展阶段;导致"(V)掉"虚化的机制是转喻和隐喻。

The synchronic semantics of'V diao'can be roughly grouped into three types:departure of objects,disappearance of objects,termination of an action or the realization of a state, which follow a diachronic grammaticalization cline from concreteness to abstractness.These three usages are in perfect correspondence with the three diachronic stages in the evolution of modern Chinese,with metonymy and metaphor in its inference.The dialects contact is also involved.