我国城乡贫困人口医疗保障研究

Study on Poor People's Medical Security in Urban and Rural China

城乡贫困人口虽然都存在医疗保障覆盖率低、卫生服务利用不足的现象,但其制度根源却不同。城市医疗保障制度的主要问题在于虽有医疗保障制度,但是保障资源在各个收入层间分配不公平,向中高收入层倾斜,贫困人口从中获益的可能性较小;农村医疗保障的主要问题在于近几年农村医疗保障的制度建设刚刚开始,过去长久以来农村几乎没有任何医疗保障,大多数农民一直处于无保障状态,因病致贫比率较高。今后城市医疗保障制度建设的重点在于提高公平性,满足贫困人口的医疗保障需求;农村医疗保障制度建设的重点在于搭建制度框架,使医疗保障覆盖大多数农村居民,防止因病致贫。

By the comparison, we know that urban and rural poor people are under the same situation that few of them have any kinds of medical security, but the reason in urban and rural China is totally different. In urban China, the problem lies in that most medical security resource goes to non -poor people. In other words, the distribution of medical security resource in urban China is unfair. But in rural China, there was even little medical security institution and resource in a long time. So the most serious problem in rural China is the high relativity between disease and poverty caused by the short of medical security system. Based on these analyses, in urban China, the most important is to improve the fairness of the distribution of medical security resource, while in rural China, we should set up the frame of medical security system as soon as possible.