2003年黄河第二次调水调沙试验效果分析

Analysis of the Second Sediment-Runoff Regulation for the Yellow River in 2003

2003年8～10月,泾、渭、洛河和三门峡～花园口区间降雨持续50余d,黄河中游出现了历史上罕见的秋汛洪水。为扩大黄河下游河道主河槽的过洪能力,实现黄河下游主河槽的全线冲刷,同时,进一步探索三门峡、小浪底等水库水沙联合调度方式,深化对黄河河道、水库水沙运动规律的认识,黄委会于9月6日～18日进行了黄河第二次调水调沙。该文着重介绍了此次实验中黄河下游主要断面的水文泥沙过程,以及河道冲淤情况,认为花园口水文站来水量26．5亿m^3,冲刷量0．456亿t,整个下游河段基本为冲刷；下游主要断面主槽过洪能力增加幅度为150～400m^3/s,2500m^3/s流量相应水位降低0．04～0．23m,提高下游河道的输沙效率。

From August to October, 2003, there was a 50-day rainfall process in the river basins of Jinghe, Weihe, Beiluohe and Sanmenxia-Huayuankou Reach, so as to result in an infrequent autumn flood on the middle reach of the Yellow River. In order to increase the flood carrying capacity in the main channel of the lower reach of the Yellow River and scour it entirely, and meanwhile to explore the way of joint regulating the reservoirs of Sanmenxia and Xiaolangdi, the YRCC made the second sedimentrunoff regulation from 6th to 18th September, 2003. This paper analyzed the flood and sediment regime at the main cross-sections and the silt accumulation problem in the lower reach of Yellow River. The results show that there were about 2.65 billion m^3 water and 0.456 billion t sediment going through the Huayuankou Hydrometric Station, about 2.714 billion m^3 water and 1.202 billion t sediment were sent to the sea, while the lower channel was scoured. The flood carrying capacity in the main channel of the lower reach increased by 150-400m^3/s and the stage at 2 500 m^3/s decreased by 0.04-0.23 m.