小学生视图能力的测试分析及其对几何课程设置的启示

Analysis on the Test of Students’ Ability of Orthogonal View and Its Enlightenments on the Curriculum Setup of Geometry

小学几何课程如何培养学生的空间观念是备受关注的问题。利用“视图测试卷”，对2～6年级的405名小学生视图能力和水平进行测试，结果表明，对于2～4年级学习或接触过相关内容的小学生，视图的能力和水平不存在年级间显著差异，学习或接触过相关内容的低年级小学生对视图的理解水平大都接近甚至高于未学习过相关内容的高年级4、学生；小学生在视图认识上不存在显著的性别差异；等等。此研究结果对4、学数学课程的设置和教学提供了不少启示。

How to develop student＇s spatial sense by geometry curriculum is drawing more and more attention. We have designed the ＂Test of Orthogonal View＂ to make a survey on 405 pupils from grade 2 to 6 to test their ability and standards of orthogonal view. It is found that pupils from grade 2 to 4 who have learned or contacted orthogonal view don＇t have instinct cognition differences between the grades. Pupils of lower grades who have learned or contacted orthogonal view performed as good as or even better than higher grade pupils who haven＇t learned or contacted orthogonal view. Pupils don＇t have instinct sex differences in cognition of orthogonal view. Based on the findings of this study, some suggestions for primary school teachers and curriculum setup have been made.