翻译中的性别差异及女性身份认同

The Gender Difference and Identification in Translation

男性和女性在心理性别和社会性别上的差异通常会在自然语言中留下印记,这在翻译,尤其是文学翻译中亦有体现。本文以此为参照,首先对比几个不同译本论证性别语言在文学翻译中的客观存在,进而探察女性译者如何通过词汇选择获取自己的身份认同,体现自身的存在价值。而词汇的选择主要涉及语气和词汇倾向性两个不同的方面。前者反映的是男性与女性译者不同的心理体验,属于心理范畴;后者主要是与社会因素紧密相连的。受父权制度和社会的影响,男性译本往往赋予原文中性词汇以贬义色彩,以此彰显一种优于女性的社会地位感,而女性译本则通过词汇倾向性的选择有意识地表现出强烈的自我提升意识。心理性别和社会性别的差异反映的是一种特殊的语言行为,对文学翻译中性别语言的考察是一项不无意义的活动。

Gendered language refers to the fact that there exist gender differences in natural language. And this is inevitably reflected in translation. This paper analyses different translations of an ST to see how a woman translator obtains self-identity through lexical selection. Lexical selection involves two aspects： mood and lexical leaning, the former of which reflects different psychological experiences of man and woman translators and the latter is pertinent to social factors. Due to the influence of patriarchy, a man translator uses derogatory terms instead of neutral ones to show men＇s superiority over women while a woman translator usually expresses self-consciousness and self-identity through lexical selection. The reflection of gender differences in language is a kind of speech act, hence a significant act to reveal this ohenomenon in translation.