寒地水稻对生物硅肥的生理效应

Research on The Physiological Effect of biological Silicon Fertilizer on Cold Regions Rice

采用田间试验以基肥和返青肥两种施肥方式,施生物硅肥量为0kg/hm2、150kg/hm2、300kg/hm2、450kg/hm2、600kg/hm2、750kg/hm2六个水平,研究了白浆型水稻土不同生物硅肥施用量对水稻生理指标的影响。结果表明,适宜的生物硅肥施用量(450kg/hm2)对水稻叶片叶绿素含量有显著的影响,可使叶绿素的含量提高9.56%,从而延缓了水稻功能叶片的光合功能期;水稻叶片的保护酶(CAT、POD)在施用生物硅肥后可维持较高的活性或受到抑制程度较低,使所受膜脂过氧化程度(MDA的含量)相对较低,生物硅肥施用量为450kg/hm2时水稻叶片的CAT、POD活性达最大值,MDA的含量达到最低值,这说明施用生物硅肥促进了膜脂脱氧化作用,延缓功能叶片的衰老;施用生物硅肥后提高了植株干物质的合成与积累,促进了可溶性糖向淀粉的转移和碳水化合物的运输,协调了源、库关系。在本试验中,生物硅肥施用量为450kg/hm2效果最好,施肥效果各处理表现为:Si3>Si4>Si5>Si2>Si1>Si0,各处理间差异达到极显著,两种施肥方式基肥的要比返青肥的效果好。

The article used the field experiment by basal fertilizer and return green fertilizer, Applying biological silicon fertilizer for six levels： 0kg/hm^2, 150 kg/hm^2,300 kg/hm^2,450 kg/hm^2,600 kg/hm^2,750 kg/ hm^2, studied the effect of applying different biological silicon fertilizer to physiological index in albic soil. The tests showed that, the suitable applying fertilizer （450kg/hm^2）has remarkable influence on chlorophyll contents, enhanced the chlorophyll contents 9.56%, and then delayed leaf＇s photosynthesis function time; when applied the biological silicon fertilizer, the leaf＇s protection enzyme（CAT, POD）maintained higher activity or got the relatively lower restraint, then decreased the membrane lipid peroxidation （the MDA content）, when the applying fertilizer was 450kg/hm^2, the leaf＇s CAT, POD activity reached the maximum value, the MDA contents achieved the minimum value, this explained the biological silicon fertilizer promoted the membrane lipid＇s oxidation, and delayed function leaf＇s senility ; the biological silicon fertilizer enhanced dry matter＇s synthesis and accumulation, promoted the shift of soluble sugar to starch and the transportation of carbohydrate, coordinated the source and storehouse relations. In this experiment, the applying fertilizer of 450kg/hm^2 effect was the best, the effect Si0, which showed significant differences. In two fertilizer green fertilizer. of each treatment was： Si3〉Si4〉Si5〉Si2〉Sil〉 way the basal fertilizer is better than return green fertilizer.