不同架式温室葡萄冠位叶片及叶绿体结构的变化

Studies on Leaf Microstructure and Chloroplast Ultrastructure of Grapes in Greenhouse for Various Trellis System and Position

【目的】研究温室葡萄不同受光架式和冠位叶片组织结构及其叶绿体超微结构的变化,为温室葡萄栽培提供理论依据。【方法】以温室的棚架、单篱架、双篱架葡萄为试材,分别采用光学显微和电子显微镜技术观测不同架式和冠位叶片的显微结构和叶绿体的超微结构。【结果】温室葡萄棚架受光优于篱架,篱架下部叶片受光极差,阴天对篱架受光的影响比棚架大,对下部影响比上部大;温室葡萄叶片的总厚、栅栏组织厚、组织密度CTR值及栅栏海绵组织比值等光合组织结构有所退化,但不同受光架式间和冠位间有差异。棚架的叶片质量均匀,光合组织发达,篱架的下部叶片结构严重退化;叶片总厚、栅栏组织厚与光照强度呈显著正相关;葡萄棚架叶片和篱架上部叶片的叶绿体数、基粒数、基粒片层数明显高于篱架下部的叶片。【结论】温室葡萄采取棚架栽培时整体叶片的叶绿体发育正常,而篱架下部叶片因长期弱光胁迫导致叶绿体结构发生异常变化。

[Objective]Studies on leaf microstructure and chloroplast ultrastructure of grapes in greenhouse for various trellis system and position, which provides theory basis for cultivation of grape in greenhouse ; [Method]Using grapes cultivated with pergola, single and double vertical trellis systems in greenhouse, and leaf microstructure and chloroplast ultrastructure in various trellis system and position were examined by light microscopy and electron microscopy. [Results]The light is better for pergola than that of vertical trellis , and the light is very worse for under layer of vertical trellis. The light intensity of grape tree cultivated with vertical trellis system were affected more greatly than pergola system in cloud day,and at the same time under layer is affected more greatly than upper one. Cultured grape in greenhouse, the total thickness of leaf, the thickness of palisade tissue, CTR and palisade tissue/spongy parenchyma ratio has all degenerated. The light was different for various trellis system and positions, and leaf quality were better in pergola than in vertical trellis system , and all tissues of leaf of under layers seriously degenerated. The leaf thickness of grapes, the thickness of palisade tissue has the marked positive relative with light intensity . The number of chloroplast and basal granules and basal granule layers of leaf of grape in greenhouse were higher in pergola and onto layer in vertical trellis system than under layer in vertical trellis system. [Conclusion]The leaf microstructure and chloroplast ultrastructure of grapes cultivated with pergola in greenhouse developed normally, and Its were exceptional cultivated with vertical trellis system.