摘要
目的比较不同浓度罗哌卡因在自控硬膜外镇痛(patient-controlled epidural analgesia,PCEA)分娩中的应用效果及安全性。方法280例单胎头位足月临产的初产妇,采用前瞻性研究方法,随机分为三组行分娩镇痛:0.1%罗哌卡因组92例(镇痛Ⅰ组),0.2%罗哌卡因组96例(镇痛Ⅱ组),0.1%布比卡因组92例(镇痛Ⅲ组)。三组均辅以小剂量的芬太尼2μg/ml,于产程进入活跃期时使用,首次负荷量10ml,维持量5ml/h,宫口开全后夹闭,会阴伤口缝合期间开放,缝合完毕时拔管。同时期未采用任何镇痛方法者为未镇痛对照组96例。采用视觉模拟镇痛评分(visual analogue scales,VAS),并记录待产过程和分娩结局。结果剖宫产率、器械助产率为:镇痛Ⅰ组为16.30%(15/92)、12.99%(10/77),镇痛Ⅱ组13.54%(13/96)、13.25%(11/83),镇痛Ⅲ组17.39%(16/92)、27.63%(21/76),对照组33.33%(32/96)、12.50%(8/64),PCEA镇痛的三组与对照组剖宫产率比较,差异有统计学意义(P〈0.05)。镇痛Ⅲ组器械助产率与其余三组比较,差异有统计学意义(P〈0.05)。四组活跃期时间及催产素使用率:镇痛Ⅰ组(171.72±50.30)min、90.90%(70/77),镇痛Ⅱ组(183.53±33.51)min、85.54%(71/83),镇痛Ⅲ组(170.99±37.47)min、93.42%(71/76),对照组为(257.30±67.46)min、68.75%(44/64),PCEA镇痛的三组与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P〈0.05)。结论PCEA分娩镇痛能缩短活跃期时间,降低剖宫产率,但催产素使用率和尿潴留率增加;低浓度罗哌卡因感觉和运动阻滞明显分离,阴道器械助产率较布比卡因组低。PCEA分娩镇痛安全有效,有利于阴道分娩,对母亲及胎儿安全。
Objective To study the analgesic effect and motor block of ropivacaine with bupivacaine at different concentration in parturients using patient-controlled epidural analgesia(PCEA). Methods Totally, 280 pregnant women were divided randomly into three groups: Group Ⅰ included 96 cases with administration of 0. 1% ropivacaine; Group Ⅱ 92 cases with 0.2% ropivacaine and Group Ⅲ 96 cases with 0. 1% bupivacaine. Fentanyl(2 μg/ml) was used as adjunctive medication for the local anesthetic solution in every group with first loading dosage of 10 ml at the beginning of active stage, maintained at 5ml/h with PCEA which was ceased when the cervix was fully dilated and the PCEA was reopened at the time of perineum suturing till the end of suturing. Another 96 primigravidas who did not receive PCEA served as control. Results Significant difference was found in the rate of cesarean delivery between the three groups and the control [Group Ⅰ: 16. 30% (15/92) ; Group Ⅱ: 13.54% (13/96) ; Group Ⅲ: 17.39% (16/92) vs control: 33. 33%(32/96); P〈0. 05)], and in the rate of instrumental assisted vaginal delivery between Group Ⅲ and the other three groups [27. 63% (21/76) vs 12. 99% (10/77), 13. 25% (11/83) and 12. 50% (8/64), P〈0. 05]. The duration of the active phase in labor and the rate of oxytocin augmentation in all of the three groups using analgesia was significantly different from the control [Group Ⅰ: (171.72 ± 50. 30) min, 90. 12 (73/81) ; Group Ⅱ: (183. 53±33.51)min, 85.88% (73/85) ; Group Ⅲ : (170. 99±37. 47) min, 93.83% (76/81) ; control: (257.30±67.46)min, 68. 75%(44/64) ; P〈0.05)]. Conclusions PCEA is effective in shortening the duration of labor and reducing the cesarean rate at the cost of increasing requirement of oxytocin augmentation and urine retention. Ropivacaine at low concentration has less maternal and fetal adverse effect compared with bupivacaine.
出处
《中华围产医学杂志》
CAS
2007年第1期10-13,共4页
Chinese Journal of Perinatal Medicine